Cognition and General Knowledge

Research points to the positive effects of technology use on cognitive and social learning and development.

 In similar studies with different ages of children, using computers along with supporting activities ; provided even greater benefits than either one alone. Compared to children in a similar classroom without computer experience, three- and four-year-olds who used computers with supporting activities had significantly greater gains in verbal and nonverbal skills, problem solving, abstraction, and conceptual skills .

 

Similarly, third-grade children who used both manipulatives and computer programs

showed more sophistication in classification and logical thinking than children who used only manipulatives (Clements & Nastasi, 1993). Technology use that is connected to what children already know and can build upon leads to greater tivation and selfdirection. Loss of creativity can be a problem if children use drill-and-practice software. Open-ended software—software that provides opportunities to discover, make choices, and find out the impact of decisions—encourages exploration, imagination, and problem .

 

Technology offers additional ways to learn, and to demonstrate learning. For some children who have unique learning styles, computers can reveal hidden strengths. At the computer, children can approach learning from a variety of perspectives and

follow various paths to a goal . Poor concentration and attention problems can be addressed by limiting screen time, helping children focus on the task, and choosing software that does not employ excessively stimulating noises or constantly moving graphics.

Concerns that technology speeds up the pace of learning and cuts down on childhood can be lessened if unprogrammed playtime is included as an essential part of the child’s daily routine, including any technology use. Play is important for intellectual

development and, as such, should be included as a vital part of early childhood education. Used appropriately, computers can be a positive element of children’s play and learning as they explore and experiment.